Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center
Edmund Willson Roberts
FR - 20
Introduction
Biographical Sketch
Scope and Content
Inventory
Introduction
The Edmund Willson Roberts Collection was donated to the
Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center in 2006 by William N. Bumiller.
Biographical Sketch
Edmund Willson Roberts was born in 1866 to Robert Ross and Mary (Foote)
Roberts. His mother died in 1870 and his
father in 1875, at which time Roberts was sent to live with his grandfather in
Shortly after leaving Cornell, Roberts joined the writing staff of
International Correspondence Schools, writing a textbook on engine design. In 1903, he became a mechanical engineer for
Elmore Manufacturing Company, an automobile manufacturing corporation in
From 1900 to1902, and again from 1915 to1923, Roberts was the editor of Gas Engine Magazine, published in
Besides engineering, Roberts was also an avid writer, having articles
published in magazines such as Rudder,
Automobile Magazine, Motor Boat, Motor Boating, Power Boating, and Aviation, among others. He had eight books published, including the
“Gas Engine Handbook”. Besides technical
works, Roberts also wrote and sold greeting card verses and short fiction stories,
which was a less successful enterprise for him.
His wide and varied interests also included telepathy, on which he wrote
an article for Cosmopolitan in 1899.
Roberts married Lena Isabelle Norton (Belle) on 30 March 1896. The couple had three children: Ruth, Betty, and Edmund Willson Jr. Belle passed away in November of 1939 at the
age of 59. Roberts died from a cerebral
hemorrhage in
Scope and Content
This collection spans primarily from 1930 to 1945, but does contain items
dating as early as 1917. It includes
mainly business correspondence, although a few personal letters are present as
well. Some of the correspondence is with
businesses and individuals relating to Roberts’s engine design and patent
services, as well as with publishing companies to which he was trying to sell
his work.
The collection is arranged alphabetically, generally by the name of the
company. Items preceded by an asterisk (*) include a pamphlet, brochure,
publicity materials, price list, or other items of that nature. The
correspondence is in a poor state of preservation.
The collection contains seven published works, of which all but one was
written by Roberts. A part of this collection
is the schematic drawings of E. W. Roberts’s gasoline engines for marine and
automotive use. Schematics of turbines,
steering mechanisms, ignitions, carburetors, dynamos, brakes, cylinder gaskets,
and pistons—designed by Roberts during his years as a consulting engineer—also
are included.
Inventory
- Greeting card verses
- Alamac Company
- Allen Printing Company
- American Greeting Publishers, Inc.
- Artistic Card Company
-
-
- Buzza Company
- Buzza Cardoza
* W. W. Fagg of the Eze-Freeze Automatic Freezer
- Fairbanks, Morse & Co.
-The Falk Corporation
- Falk, W. E.
- Faries Mfg. Co.
- Farmer, Weston
* Federal-Mogul Corporation, w/blueprint of upper main bearing
- G. Felsenthal & Sons
- Felt Products Mfg. Co.
-
- Fidelity Electric Co., w/blueprint
- Fidelity and Guaranty Fire Corporation
- Firth-Sterling Steel Company
- The Foraging and Casting Corporation
* French & Hecht Inc.
- Friend, David H., Public Engineering Service
- Furst and Furst
- E. P. Gage & Co.
- Gandolf, Stewart A.
- Gartner & Bender, Inc.
- Gaw-O’Hara Envelope Co.
* General Aeronautic Corporation
- General Electric Company
- General Motors Corporation: Sales, Diesel Engine Division, Department of Public Relations, and Research Laboratories Division
- General Spring Company
- General Supply & Equipment Co.
- Gerlach-Barklow Company
- Bailey Vibrator Company
- Butler Bin Company
- Jackson Vibrators, Inc.
- T. L. Smith Company
- White Manufacturing Company
- Gibson & Perin Co.
- Gibson, L.C.
- Wm. D. Gibson Company
- Girdler Corporation
- Globe-Democrat,
- Manson Glover
- Glow Electric Company
- God’s
- Godfrey, Harold Jr. of Pacific Naval Air Bases Contractors
- Goes Lithographing Company
- Gomila, Frank R. Jr., M.D.
- B. F. Goodrich Company
- Goulds Pumps Inc.
- Grant, Charles H. of Model Airplane News
- Green Engineering Co.
- Groth, Clarence C.
- Greenberger, George
- Grindrod, William
- L. F. Grammes & Sons
- Graichen, Ralph E., w/blueprints
- Gray Marine Motor Company
* Greaves Machine Tool Company
- Guthrie, Edwin
- Patents pertaining to drinking cups
- Hadley,
- Hagene, H. N.
- Hall, Christ.
- Hall-Scott Motor Car Company
- Hambrick, John C.
* Hampton, E., w/blueprint of piston
- Hamilton County Emergency Schools correspondence
- Harnischfeger Corporation
- Harper’s Magazine
- Harrison, John P. Jr.
- Hart, J. M.
- Hartmen Electrical Mfg. Co
- Hartwig, Charles W.
- Harvey Machine Co.
- Heath Aircraft Corporation
- Helmer, Bob
- Hendrick Mfg. Company
- J. B. Henry of International Harvester Company
- Hercules Lead Product Company
- Hercules Motors Company
- Herold Brothers Company
- Herold Manufacturing Company
- Herron, W. P.
- Hess Blue Print Co.
* Hewitt Machinery Co., w/blueprints of air compressor and photograph
- R. R. Heywood Company
- Patents for speedometers, speed control
12. Correspondence -- Hi
* Hilco/Hilliard Corporation
- Hild Floor Machine Co.
- Hildebrand, Carl
- Hildebrand, W. P.
- Hill, Dr. Robt. C.
- Hill, W. R.
- Hinde & Dauch Paper Co.
- C. A. Hines Co.
- Hinins Industries
- Patents for Animal Feeders
- Hobson Press
- Hoerst, V. N.
- Hoffman, R. K.
- Holley Carburetor Company
- Hollis, Russell E. of Karenite Products
- Houdaille-Hershey Corporation
- Howard, Tom of Fried, Ostermann Company
- Huffman Mfg. Co.
- Hughes, P. J.
- Illinois Auto Electric Co.
- Imperial Brass Mfg. Co.
- India Rubber World
- Indiana Steel Products Company
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
- Industrial Milk Service
- Industrial Press
- Ingersoll-Rand Company
- Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences, Inc.
- Internal Revenue Service
- International Correspondence Schools
* International Harvester Company
- International Nickel Company
- International Patent Exchange
* Iwan Bros, Inc.
- Lea, a personal letter
- Cast Camshafts & Crankshafts, a paper by F. J. Walls
- International Textbook Company correspondence
- J & C Machine Shop
- Jack & Heintz Precision Industries, Inc.
- Jacklin, H. M.
- Jacobs Aircraft Engine Co., w/blueprints
- Jacobsoen Manufacturing Co.
- Jahn & Ollier Engraving Co.
- Janney, Joseph A. Jr.
- Jay Publishing Company
- Jett, B. S.
- Jinkins, E. P.
* Johnson Motor Company
- Johnson, Pershing
- Johnston, E. R.
*
- Jones, Ernest and E. E. Green, “J *G Two place open land monoplane” printout
- Jourden Technical School, Inc.
- Joyce-Gridland Company
- Joyce, Robert E.
- Judson Manufacturing Company
- Kahlenberg Bros. Co.
- Kates, Edgar J.
- Karl Keifer Machine Co. blueprint
- Keilson Cigar Company
- Kelley-Koett Mfg. Co.
- H. P. Kelly Equipment Company
* Kelvinator Sales Corporation
- Keolyn Plastics Co.
- Kettering, C. F. of General Motors Corporation Research Laboratory
* K. L. M. Process Company
- Kimble Glass Co.
* William H. King & Co.
- Kinner Motors Inc.
- Kinney, A. M.
- Kitt patent for humidifier for internal combustion engines
- Klaene & Kruckemeyer Foundry Co.
- Kline, O. A.
- Knapp-Monarch Co.
- Knipper Filter patent application
- Koppers Company
- Korn, Edward
- L. O. Koven & Brother, Inc.
- Kroger Grocery & Baking Company
- Kropp Forge Company
- Kuehn, Alvin L.
- Kux Machine
- Kwikway Company
- Lane, Fred A.
- Lanova Corporation
- Lanz, Jos
- Lark Publishing Company
- Lathrop Engine Co.
- Lauson Company
- Patent papers for tool holder by Walter F. Trotter
- Patent papers for turbine wheels by Phillip H. Stevenson
- Patent search reports from Eugene E. Stevens
- Lead Industries Association
- Leasure, L. L.
- Le Blond Aircraft Engine Company
- The Ledger Syndicate
- C. Lee Cook Manufacturing Co.
- Leece- Neville Company
-
- Lenniger, August
- Leveright, O. K.
* Liberty Magazine (w/issue of magazine, July 21, 1945)
- Library of Congress
- Lichtenauer, D. F.
- Liepmann, H. P.
- Life Magazine
* Light Manufacturing and Foundry Company
- M. Linkman & Company
- Lion Manufacturing Corp.
- Liston, Prof. Joseph of
- Patent for motor vehicle control system
-
- Lockwood, Scammon
- W. H. Long Company
- Lord Manufacturing Company
- Ludlum Steel Company
- Lukens Steel Company
- Luther, H. B. of
- Lycoming Mfg. Co.
*
- Hydraulic Brake Co.
- Pence, Allen T.
- Steeldraulic Brake Co.
- Wagner Electric Corporation
- Patents for brakes
- C. McCash Transmission Service
- McCleod, Mrs. Walter
- McConnell, E. B. of Standard Oil Company
- McCord Radiator & Mfg. Co. (together with John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
- McCulloch Engineering Corporation
- McEntee, Howard G.
- McGeorge, J. W.
- McGraw-Hill Book Company
- Mcilrath, Leroy
- McKiernan-Terry Corporation
- McLaughlin, H. B.
- McMullen, Robert B.
- McQuay-Norris Manufacturing Co.
- Continental Aircraft Engine Co.
*
- Machinery Magazine
- Marcum, T. R.
- Markert, George
- Marlin-Rockwell Corp.
- Glenn L. Martin Company
- Martin Motors
- Marvel-Schebler Carburetor Co.
* Master Electric Company
- Maxim, Hiram H.
- Maxim Silencer Co.
-
- Phillip Mangone correspondence about patent application for nursing nipple
- Meador Publishing Co.
- Mechanics Universal, Joint Division
- Menasco Mfg. Co.
- Meriam Co.
-
- Fred J. Meyers Manufacturing Co.
32. Correspondence -- George W. Meredith
- George W. Meredith correspondence
33. Correspondence – Mic-Mis
- Michigan Engine Valve Company
- Microdyne Engines
- Micro-Lite Co. Inc.
- Midland Steel Products Co.
* Miniature Motors Co. Inc.
* Miskella, William J. of Finishing Research Lab, Inc.
- “Katherine”, personal letter from Uncle Ned (Roberts)
* Model Airplane News
- Modern Packaging
- Mohawk Aircraft Corporation
- Moore, John Hudson
- Morehouse, J. M.
- Phillip Morris Company, Ltd.
- Morrison, L. H. of Diesel Power Magazine
- Morvay, Anton Allen
* Henry Moss & Co. Inc. w/envelope/coupon for Convisers Uneeda
- Motor Magazine
- Motorboat Magazine, combined with Power Boating
- Motorboating Magazine
- Motor Wheel Corporation
- Mulcahey, Thos. J.
- Frank A. Munsey Company
- Murphy, John E.
- Murphy, W. R.
* Murray & Fraser
- Wm. A. Murray Spring Company
- Muskegon Motor Specialties Company
- Nablo, G. H. of the Gray Marine Motor Company
- Nash Motors
- National Acme Company
* National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
- National Aeronautic Association
- National Aircraft Institute
- National Automatic Tool Company
- National Bank Note Company
- National Electric Coil Company
- National Promotion Service
- National Screw & Mfg. Co.
- National Supply Company
* National Vulcanized Fibre Co.
-
- H. Neuer Glass Co.
* Nevish Graphic Press
-
- New York Times
- Neyer, Leo B.
- Nicholas J. Janson Co.
- Noe, H. Ray
- Nordberg Manufacturing Co.
- Norma-Hoffman Bearings Corp.
- North American Aviation, Inc.
* Northwestern Aeronautical Corporation, w/photos of glider
- Norton Company
- Oakley Pattern & Foundry Co.
- Oberfirst, Robert
* Office of Production Management, w/application for Preference Rating
*
* Ohio Crankshaft Company
- Ohio Electric Hammer (patent claims)
- Ohio Engine & Hammer Co., corr. with Department of Taxation, State of Ohio, and Office of the Attorney General, State of Ohio
-
-
- Oil Well Supply Company
- Oker, William A.
-
- “Olive”, personal note from Ned (Roberts)
- Olsen, O. L.
- Oneonta Linn Corporation
- D’Orsay, Laurence R.
- Osborne Company
- Osborne Register Company, Ralph R. Schubert, lawyer for Osborne Register Co.
- Outboard Motors Corp.
- Patent for installing ground pipes
1. Correspondence -- Pa-Pe
- Park Drop Forge Co.
- Parker, Frank O.
- Parker, John E. of the Northwestern Aeronautical Corporation
- Parker, Leo T.
- Parker, Thomas J.
- Parrott & Hahn
- Patterson Foundry & Machine Co.
-
- Penrod, W. F.
- Perdew, Clarence
- Perfect Circle Company
* Permatex Company Inc.
2. Correspondence – Pf-Po
- Pfan, William F.
- Phister Manufacturing Co.
- Pitman Publishing Corporation
- Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
- Pirmann, Paul. J.
- Platt Bros. & Company
- Julius Pollak and Sons
* Popular Aviation
- Popular Science Monthly
- Frederick Post Company
- The Post,
- The Post Dispatch,
- Saturday Evening Post
- Wm. Powell Company, w/blueprints
- Power Manufacturing Corporation
- Patent papers, Commissioner of Patents, U.S. Patent Office
- Toilet Seat Patent
3. Patents – Animal Feeders
- Patents for Animal Feeders
4. Patents – Candy-Cutting Apparatus
- Patent: Candy-Cutting Apparatus, 13 November 1923
5. Patents – Gasoline Hammer
- Sketch of Gasoline Hammer
- Patents for Gasoline Hammer
- Correspondence with Albert L. Jacobs about patent search
6. Patents – Improvements in Toasters
- Patent: Improvements in Toasters, 27 October 1931
7. Roberts’ Patent Materials for Manufacturing Type-Wheels
- Patent claims, applications, etc. for manufacturing type-wheels
8. Percussion Tools
- Patent claim for percussion tools invention
9. Poems, Riddles, and Publishers’ Rejection Slips
- Blassingame, Lurton
- Dorrance and Company
- Henry Harrison: Publisher
- Saturday Evening Post
- Writer’s Digest
- Anecdotes, poems, riddles, etc. by Roberts
10. Correspondence -- Pr-Pu
- Helen—personal letter to his niece
- Woodworking Mistakes on Ash Tray, pg. 142 P.S.M. June 1939
- Practical Airplane Engine Design, contents and chapter 22
- Pratt & Whitney Division, Niles-Bement-Pond Company
- Printers, Inc.
* Product Engineering
* Publishers’ Agency
- Purolator Products, Inc.
- G. P. Putman’s Sons
- Queen City Blue Print Co.
- Raming, Ralph
- Roberts, Edward, of Junior Motors Corporation
- Robinson, A. F.
- M. Rosenthal Co.
- Rubber Age
- Rubber Products Company
- Rubber World
- Rubberset Company
- Rudder Magazine
- Rudgers, A.
- Russell, Frank G.
- Russell, Robert, of Sales Dept. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co.
- Rustic Hickory Furniture Co.
* Daniel Ryerson
* Joseph T. Ryerson & Sons, Inc.
- One actual reamer
- Betscher, J. W.
- Croner, W. H.
* Dayton Rogers Mfg. Co.
- Messrs. Wm. Demuth & Co.
- E. T. Gilbert Mfg. Co.
- Kohler Die & Specialty Co.
- Meier Folding Pipe Reamer Co.
- Metal Parts Co.
- Metal Specialty Company
- Parker Wire Goods Company
- Steel, J.
- Stevens,
- Edmund Willson Roberts, Jr. correspondence w/ Roberts, Sr.
- diagrams and drawings
- Sanders, Geo. A.
- Sanderson, E. S., Cornell Class of 1894 Alumni Fund
- Sanderson & Porter
-
- Saranac Machine Company
- Saturday Evening Post
- Salva Carburetor patent correspondence
- Patent claims
- Blueprint
- Scarlet, Will, of Horizon House
- Wm. Schollhorn Company
- Schwitzer-Cummins Company
- Scientific American
- Scintilla Magnet Co. Inc. w/blueprints
- Dana E. Scott, of Scott Aircraft & Motors
- Scott, Robert H.
- Scribner’s Magazine
17. Nathan Schlessinger Patent Application
- Schlessinger, Nathan Paten Application
- Double Seal Ring Company
- Sealed Power Corporation, w/blueprints
- Seiberling Latex Products Company
- Selectasine Corporation
- Self-Vulcanizing Rubber Co., Inc.
- Service Steel Co.
- O. J. Shafer Pattern Works, Inc.
- Shartle Bros. Machine Co.
- Sheick, Joseph (Watson E. Coleman writing about Sheick)
- Shell Petroleum Corporation
- H. F. Shepard, of National Supply Co.
- Sherbundy, E. H.
- Sherwin Williams Company
- Shipping Register
- Shuler Axle Company
- Search Report for and copies of electric toothbrush patents
19. Correspondence -- Si-Sn
- Silk Screen Studios
- Simmons, Louie
- Simonds Saw & Steel Company
- Sivyer Steel Casting Company
- Smith, Edwin B.
- Smith, Leonard S., Jr. of National Marking Machine Co.
-
- T. L. Smith Company
-
20. Correspondence -- Simmons Manufacturing Co.
- Simmons Manufacturing Co. about Salva Carburetor
21. Correspondence -- So-Sp
- Society of Automotive Engineers
- Socony-Vacuum Oil Company
* Solar Farm Light Corporation
-
* Specialty Envelope Company, Inc.
- Spicer Manufacturing Corporation
- Spievack, Albert
* Sportsman Pilot, Inc.
- Sprenger, Max
- Edwin B. Stimpson Company
- Sutterley, J. R., Jr.
- Sweeney, Joseph R.
- Syntron Company
- Tax Receipts
- Tailby-Nason Company
- Technical Editor, the
- Technical Supply Division, International Correspondence Schools
- Temple Press Ltd.
- Tennessee Eastman Corporation
- Texas Company
* Thiokol Corporation
- This Week (article with a picture of Roberts)
- Thompson Products, Inc.
- Torrington Company
- Tietzman Engineering Company
- Edward Timbs of National Supply Co.
- Timken Roller Bearing Company
- Timken-Detroit Axle Co.
- Roberts Toaster Patent info
- Towsley Trucks, Inc.
- Tobacco Merchants Assoc. of the
- Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc.
- Traynor, John W.
- Trill Indicator Company
- Troppman, A.
- Truth Seeker Company
- Turbo-Mixer Corporation
- Tusch, Mary
- Twin Disc Clutch Company
- Tynan, Stuart
- Breakdown of costs
- Autoyre Company, Inc.
* Baird Machine Company
- Blake & Johnson Company
- M. S. Brooks & Sons
-
* Samuel Cupples Envelope Company, w/sample envelope
- Cuyahoga Spring Company
- Fanner Manufacturing Co.
* M. P. Kilmer & Company, Inc.
- S. S. Kresge Company
- Lowell Textile Company
- Mattatuck Mfg. Co.
- Muncy, Nelson
- Parker Wire Goods Company
* E. H. Titchener & Co.
-
- Verdin, Kappes, & Verdin Co.
- F. W. Woolworth Co.
* Yost Superior Co.
- L. A. Young Spring & Wire Corporation
- Triangle Paper Bag Mfg. Company
- Ulland Coal Co.
- Union Carbon and Carbide Chemical Corporation
-
* Union Gas and Electric Company
* Union Rubber & Asbestos Co.
- United Aircraft Mfg. Corporation
* United American Bosch Corporation
- United-Carr Fastener Co.
- United Shoe Machinery Corporation
- United States Department of Agriculture
- Universal Drafting Machine Company
- Universal Gear Corporation
-
-
- USL Batter Corporation
- Usona Manufacturing Co. Inc.
- U. S. Plywood Corporation
-
- Vance, Clarence
- D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
- Van Winkle, William R.
* Vibration Specialty Company
- Viking Press, Inc.
* Viking Pump Company
* P. F. Vollard Company
- Vulcan Copper & Supply Co.
- Vultex Chemical Company
- Walker, Clarence
- Walker, C. Gordon
- Walker, Moses D.
- Wallace, Frank, of Harvey Machine Co.
- Wagner Electric Corporation
- Wagner, Dr. W. C.
- Waterbury Button Company
- War Production Board
- J. D. Ward & Son
- Warner, Ralph, of Ideal Dispensers
- Watt, F. J.
- Watson, Major Hugh
- Waukesha Motor Co.
- Walton, H. E. Correspondence
- Weaver, R. G.
- F. Weber Co.
- B. A. Wesche Electric Company
- Wesley Jagger Inc.
- Western Flying
- Western Manufacturing Co.
- Western Novel and Short Stories
- Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company
- White’s Quaint Shop
- Whitman Publishing Co.
- Whitney Chain & Mfg. Co.
* Wico Electric Company, w/blueprints
- Wilcox, J. L.
- John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Wilkinson, Paul H.
- J. H.Williams & Co.
- Wilson, Dowell, McCanna & Foley
- Winton Engine Corporation
- Winton Engineering Co.
- Wirthlin- Mann Company
* Wisconsin Motor Corporation
- Wolff, Julius
- Wood, Prof. Karl D. of
*
* Wright Aeronautical Corporation
- Writer’s Digest
- Wulfinghoff, Max F.
- Wyman-Gordon Company
* Yahraus, June M.
- Youngquist, L. E.
- Zentih Carburetor Co. w/blueprint
- Zentih Foundation Hour, c/of
* O. Zernickow Co.
- Zerschausky, George
- Ziegler, J. W.
- Ziff-Davis Publishing Company
- Zimmerman, James G. w/blueprint
- Zimmerman, R. L.
- A. C. Spark Plug Company
- Aeronautical Corporation of
- American Society for Psychical Research
- B. W. Superchargers, Inc.
- Creative Advertising/Bettendorf Company
* Chilton Automotive Buyers’ Guide, pg. 5 and 6 (letter A)
- Second page of handwritten letter
- Ukulele Chord Chart blueprint by E. W. Roberts, Jr.
37. Engine Design Information
- Roberts Motors catalogue, 1913
- Pamphlet – “E. W. Roberts, M.E.: Consulting Engineer”
- Engine Designs by E. W. Roberts, M.E.
- “A Leading Engine Designer”
- “Roberts Engine,” 1911
- Roberts engine models
- catalogue request cards
- Solar Farm Light Corporation Generator Set – blueprints
- Weber Engine Company – photograph of engine blueprints
38. Articles & Lectures
- “The Two Cycle Engine for Airplanes”
- “Thrust”
- “Engine Cycles”
- “Invention of the Airplane”
- “Burning Water; The Engine”
- “A Visit to Lillienthal: The First Man to Fly a Glider,”
with attached letter to The Times-Star,
- “Reminiscences of Early Flight,” The Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers, April 1918 (2 copies)
- “The Fosdick Detectoscope: Its Purpose and Possibilities”
39. St. Petersburg Museum of History
- Five photographs with information slip regarding two of the pictures
- Information sheet regarding the Benoist replica
- Three articles on the Benoist Airboat at
-
Two cards with manuscript titles and dates sent to publishers.
Published Works
(Transferred to the Library)
Questions and Answers from the Gas Engine, the Gas Engine Company, 1907
The Gas-Engine Handbook: A Manual of Useful Information for the Designer and Engineer, E. W. Roberts, M. E. 1913
Gas Engines and Their Troubles, E. W. Roberts, 1903
How to Build a Three-Horsepower Launch Engine, E. W. Roberts, 1901
The Automobile Pocketbook, E. W. Roberts, M. E., 1905
Mechanics’ Pocket Memoranda, The Collier Engineer Company, 1897
Schematic Drawings by
E. W. Roberts (Transferred to Oversize)
Gasoline engines for marine and automotive use. (including Flow Schematics
of turbines, steering mechanisms, ignitions, carburetors, dynamos, brakes, cylinder
gaskets, and pistons)